References


Acromegaly

    Dekkers, O. M. (2008). Mortaility in Acromegaly: A meta-analysis. J clin Endocrinol Metab(93), 61-67

    Wultz, B. J. A., Ruben. (2010). Ferri's Clinical Advisor: Acromegaly.

Aortic Aneurysm

    Booher, A. M. and K. A. Eagle (2011). "Diagnosis and management issues in thoracic aortic aneurysm." Am    
    Heart J 162(1): 38-46 e31.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

    Ferri, Fred F.  Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2012, 1st edition. Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Basilar Pneumonia

    Boissonnault, W. G. and C. Bass (1990). "Pathological Origins of Trunk and Neck Pain: Part II - Disorders of the     Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems." J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 12(5): 208-215.

    Brims, F. J., H. E. Davies, et al. (2010). "Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment." Med Clin North Am         94(2): 217-232.

    Sahn, S. A. (2007). "Diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusions and empyema." Clin Infect Dis    
    45(11): 1480-1486.

Biliary Colic

    Mackay, S. and P. Dillane (2004). "Biliary pain." Aust Fam Physician 33(12): 977-981.

Cancer

    American Cancer Society. (2011). Appendix B: Guidelines for early detection of breast cancer.  Cancer.org.

    Connell, R. (2009). Spinal Tumors. Rehabilitation Reference Center. CINAHL Rehabilitation Guide.

    Deyo, R. A., & Diehl, A. K. (1988). Cancer as a cause of back pain: frequency, clinical presentation,
    and diagnostic strategies. J Gen Intern Med, 3(3), 230-238.

    Ferri, F.F. (2011). Ferri’s Clinical Advisor: Pancreatic Carcinoma.

    Goodman & Fuller. (2009). Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therpaist: 3rd edition.  St. Louis: Saunders     Elsevier.

    Goodman & Snider. (2007). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for referral (4th ed.). St.         Louis: Saunders Elsevier.

    LaRusso, L. (2010). Breast Cancer. Rehabilitation Reference Center.

    PubMed Health. (2009). Pancreatic Carcinoma. http://www.ncbi.him.nih.gov/pubmedhealth. Retrieved July 09,     2011.

    Yurkiw, D. (1995).  Pancreatic Cancer and Chronic Thoracic Back Pain: A case report. Ontario. Journal of the         Canadian Chiropractic Association.

Cirrhosis

    Ferrell, L. (2000). Liver Pathology:Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, and Primary Liver Tumors.
    Update and Diagnostic Problems. Modern Pathology.

    Goodman & Snyder. (2007). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for referral (4th ed.). St.         Louis: Saunders Elsevier.

    U.S. Department of HHS. (2008). Cirrhosis. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/cirrhosis/. Retrieved     June 22, 2011.

    Images from:  
    http://www2.cedarcrest.edu/academic/bio/hale/bioT_EID/lectures/liverdisease.html
    http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/hepadna/2004tansilvis/Patient%20Ed.htm

Colorectal Cancer

    Dutton, M., Ed. (2008). Orthopaetic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention.

    Goodman, C. S. T., Ed. (2007). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapist Screening for Referral.

Costochondritis

    Dutton, M., Ed. (2008). Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention, The Mcgraw-Hill Companies,         Inc.

Cushing Syndrome

    Eckman, Ari S. PubMed Health. Cushing Syndrome: hypercortisolism. Last reviewed October 2009.                          http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001447/ Accessed July 11, 2011.

    Ferri, Fred F.  Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2012, 1st edition. Cushing’s Disease and Syndrome.

    Leitman D, Ross K. Vertebral compression fractures in an HIV-positive patient with steroid-induced Cushing         syndrome: a case report. Cases Journal. 2009;2:7024.

Disc Lesion

    Boissonnault, W. G. and C. Bass (1990). "Pathological Origins of Trunk and Neck Pain: Part II - Disorders of the     Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems." J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 12(5): 208-215.

    Bose, B. (2003). "Thoracic extruded disc mimicking spinal cord tumor." Spine J 3(1): 82-86.

    Brown, C. W., P. A. Deffer, Jr., et al. (1992). "The natural history of thoracic disc herniation." Spine (Phila Pa         1976) 17(6 Suppl): S97-102.

    Dar, G., Y. Masharawi, et al. (2010). "Schmorl's nodes distribution in the human spine and its possible          
    etiology." Eur Spine J 19(4): 670-675.

    Dutton, M., Ed. (2008). Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention, The Mcgraw-Hill Companies,         Inc.

    Kumar, R. and T. F. Buckley (1986). "First thoracic disc protrusion." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 11(5): 499-501.

    Kumar, R. and R. A. Cowie (1992). "Second thoracic disc protrusion." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 17(1): 120-121.

Empyema

    Sahn, S. A. (2007). "Diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusions and empyema." Clin Infect Dis         45(11): 1480-1486.

Esophagitis

    Dutton, M., Ed. (2008). Orthopaetic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention.
   
    Heine, R. G. (2004). "Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of food protein-induced gastrointestinal                 diseases." Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 4(3): 221-229.

Fibromyalgia
   
    Crofford LJ. Fibromyalgia. Practice Management May 2010; http://www.rheumatology.org/practice/clinical            /patients/diseases_and_conditions/fibromyalgia.asp. Accessed July 11, 2011.

    Mercier, Lonnie R.  Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2012, 1st edition. Fibromyalgia.

Gallbladder Disease
   
    National Institutes of Health. (2009). Gall Bladder Disease. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus               /gallbladderdiseases.html. Retrieved June 22, 2011.

    Shaffer EA. (2006). Gallstone disease: Epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease. Best Pract Res Clin
    Gastroenterol. ;20(6):981-96.

    Williams, P.,T.. (2008). Independent Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Vigorous Physical Activity, and Body         Mass Index on Clinical Gallbladder Disease Risk. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 September ; 103(9): 2239–2247.

    Images from: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/gallstones/article_em.htm

Hepatic Abscess
   
    Branum, G., Tyson, G. Branum, M. & Meyers, W. (1990). Hepatic Abscess
   
    Changes in Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Ann Surg. 1990 December; 212(6): 655–662.

    Goodman & Snyder. (2007). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for referral (4th ed.). St.          Louis: Saunders Elsevier.

    National Institutes of Health. (2009). Pyogenic Liver Abscess.
    http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000261.htm. Retrieved June 22, 2011.

    Images from: http://www.healthcentral.com/chronic-pain/h/2mg-hydromorphone-and-complex-hepatic-liver-        cysts.html

Hepatitis

    Goodman & Snyder. (2007). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for referral (4th ed.). St.         Louis: Saunders Elsevier.

    National Institutes of Health. Retrieved June 22, 2011. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hepatitis.html

    PubMed Health. 2010. Hepatitis. Retrieved June 22, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth                /PMH0002139/.

    Images from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002139/

Myocardial Infarction
   
    AHA, A. H. A. (2011).    Retrieved June 24, 2011, from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack     /AboutHeartAttacks/About-Heart-Attacks_UCM_002038_Article.jsp

Muscle Strain

    Dutton, M., Ed. (2008). Orthopaetic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention.

Nephrolithiasis

    National Center for Biotechnology Information/National Institute of Health Website -      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001493/

    Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. Second Edition: The McGraw-Hill Companies,     Inc.; 2008.

    Colella, J., E. Kochis, et al. (2005). "Urolithiasis/nephrolithiasis: what's it all about?" Urol Nurs 25(6): 427-448,     475, 449.

Osteoporosis

    Goodman M, PT, Catherine Cavallaro; Snyder, MN, RN, OCN, Teresa E. Kelly. Differential Diagnosis for Physical     Therapists:  Screening for Referral. Fourth Edition ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2007.

    Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. Second Edition ed: The McGraw-Hill            
    Companies, Inc.; 2008.

    Website ABH. American Bone Health.  www.americanbonehealth.org.

    Website WHO. World Health Organization.  www.who.int.

Pancreactic Carcinoma

    Boissonnault, W. G. and C. Bass (1990). "Pathological origins of trunk and neck pain: part I - pelvic and                 abdominal visceral disorders." J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 12(5): 1-207.

    Dutton, M., Ed. (2008). Orthopaetic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention.

    Goodman, C. S. T., Ed. (2007). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapist Screening for Referral.

Peptic Ulcer Disease

    Goodman, C. S. T., Ed. (2007). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapist Screening for Referral.

    Lau, J. Y., J. Sung, et al. (2011). "Systematic Review of the Epidemiology of Complicated Peptic Ulcer Disease:         Incidence, Recurrence, Risk Factors and Mortality." Digestion 84(2): 102-113.

Pleurisy

    Boissonnault, W. G. and C. Bass (1990). "Pathological Origins of Trunk and Neck Pain: Part II - Disorders of the     Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems." J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 12(5): 208-215.

    Brims, F. J., H. E. Davies, et al. (2010). "Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment." Med Clin North Am         94(2): 217-232.

    Kass, S. M., P. M. Williams, et al. (2007). "Pleurisy." Am Fam Physician 75(9): 1357-1364.

Pneumothorax
   
    Boissonnault, W. G. and C. Bass (1990). "Pathological Origins of Trunk and Neck Pain: Part II - Disorders of the     Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems." J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 12(5): 208-215.

    Brims, F. J., H. E. Davies, et al. (2010). "Respiratory chest pain: diagnosis and treatment." Med Clin North Am         94(2): 217-232.

    Kass, S. M., P. M. Williams, et al. (2007). "Pleurisy." Am Fam Physician 75(9): 1357-1364.

    Rivas de Andres, J. J., M. F. Jimenez Lopez, et al. (2008). "[Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of             spontaneous pneumothorax]." Arch Bronconeumol 44(8): 437-448.

Pyelonephritis

    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.  National Kidney & Urologic Diseases Information                          Clearinghouse (NKUDIC) -http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/pyelonephritis/

    Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. Second Edition: The McGraw-Hill Companies,     Inc.; 2008.

    Czaja, C. A., D. Scholes, et al. (2007). "Population-based epidemiologic analysis of acute pyelonephritis." Clin         Infect Dis 45(3): 273-280.

    Goodman M, PT, Catherine Cavallaro; Snyder, MN, RN, OCN, Teresa E. Kelly. Differential Diagnosis for Physical        Therapists:  Screening for Referral. Fourth Edition ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2007.

Rib Fracture
   
    Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. Second Edition: The McGraw-Hill Companies,     Inc.; 2008.

    Goodman & Snyder. (2007). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for referral (4th ed.). St.         Louis: Saunders Elsevier.

    Holcomb, J., McMullin, N., Kozar, R., Lygas, M. & Moore, F. (2003).Morbidity from rib fractures increases after age     45.  Journal of the American College of Surgeons 196(4):549-55.

    Mahoney, L. & Doty, C. (2010). Rib Fractures. Retrieved June 22, 2011. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article      /825981-overview.

    Images from: http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijos/vol6n2/plate.xml

Scheuermann’s Disease

    Ferri, Fred F.  Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2012, 1st edition.Scheuermann’s Disease.

Scoliosis
   
    Ferri, Fred F.  Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2012, 1st edition. Scoliosis.

    Today’s Health Center: Sports Biomechanics. “Adam’s Test” Image. Today’s Health Center, 2005.      http://todayshealthcenter.com/news.asp?show=art&artid=270

    Yale Medical Group. “Types of Scoliosis” Image.  Yale Medical Scool, 2011. http://www.yalemedicalgroup.org        /stw/Page.asp?PageID=STW025574

Stenosis

    Dutton, Mark. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. Second Edition. The McGraw-Hill                 Companies, Inc., 2008. Print.

    Humphreys, M.D., S. Craig, & Eck, M.S., Jason C. (1999). Clinical evaluation and treatment options for herniated     lumbar disc. American Academy of Family Physicians, 59(3).

T4 Syndrome
   
    Dutton, M., Ed. (2008). Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention, The Mcgraw-Hill Companies,         Inc.

    Conroy, J. L. and A. G. Schneiders (2005). "The T4 syndrome." Man Ther 10(4): 292-296.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
   
    Dutton, M., Ed. (2008). Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention, The Mcgraw-Hill Companies,         Inc.

    Brooke, B. S. and J. A. Freischlag (2010). "Contemporary management of thoracic outlet syndrome." Curr Opin     Cardiol 25(6): 535-540.

    Huang, J. H. and E. L. Zager (2004). "Thoracic outlet syndrome." Neurosurgery 55(4): 897-902; discussion             902-893.

    Nichols, A. W. (2009). "Diagnosis and management of thoracic outlet syndrome." Curr Sports Med Rep 8(5):         240-249.

    Sanders, R. J., S. L. Hammond, et al. (2007). "Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome." J Vasc Surg 46(3):                 601-604.

Vertebral Compression Fracture

    American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2010). Fractures of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine. Retrieved June         22, 2011. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00368.

    Dutton, M., Ed. (2008). Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention, The Mcgraw-Hill Companies,         Inc.

    Ensrud K., Black D., Harris F., Ettinger B. & Cummings, S. (1997). Correlates of Kyphosis in Older Women.             Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (45)6.

    Images from: http://www.umm.edu/spinecenter/education/compression_fracture.htm

Wells Clinical Prediction Rule for Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis:

    Wells, P. S., D. R. Anderson, et al. (1997). "Value of assessment of pretest probability of deep-vein thrombosis     in clinical management." Lancet 350(9094): 1795-1798.

    Wells, P. S., D. R. Anderson, et al. (2000). "Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients                     probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the models utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer." Thromb Haemost     83(3): 416-420.